综述

不同年龄个体的时间知觉特征及其神经机制

  • 沈行行 ,
  • 郑玮琦
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  • 北京体育大学心理学院,北京 100084
沈行行,北京体育大学心理学院2021级研究生,研究方向为时间知觉。
*郑玮琦,weiqi71@126.com

网络出版日期: 2024-06-06

基金资助

教育部2022年第2批产学合作协同育人项目(项目编号:220705329 271706)

Characteristics of Time Perception in Different Age Stages and Its Neural Mechanism

  • SHEN Hanghang ,
  • ZHENG Weiqi
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  • School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
*ZHENG Weiqi, weiqi71@126.com

Online published: 2024-06-06

摘要

时间知觉是一种主观感受,精准感知时间在人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。近年来,越来越多研究发现不同年龄阶段的人对于时间的感受有所不同。文章对婴儿、儿童、青少年、中年人和老年人五个年龄阶段人群的时间知觉相关研究进行综述,并结合神经系统的研究对结果进行探讨。研究表明,人们在婴儿时期就有了原始的时间“感觉”,随着小脑、前额皮层和纹状体的成熟,9岁儿童的时间感觉准确度已经接近成人,但是可变性大,对较长时间估计的准确度不高。15~25岁青少年的时间敏感性最好,准确度最高。之后随着神经系统的衰老,老年人对时间的感知准确性下降,可变性增大。未来的研究可以根据研究的性质与参与者所属的年龄群体进行任务改进,同时探索可以帮助人们改善时间知觉能力的认知训练方式。

本文引用格式

沈行行 , 郑玮琦 . 不同年龄个体的时间知觉特征及其神经机制[J]. 心理学通讯, 2023 , 6(3) : 159 -168 . DOI: 10.12100/j.issn.2096-5494.223025

Abstract

Time perception is a subjective feeling, and accurate perception of time plays an important role in people's daily life. In recent years, more and more studies have found that people's perception of time is different at different ages. This review summarizes the related researches on time perception from five age groups, which are infants, children, adolescents, the middle-aged, and the elderly, and discusses in conjunction with the findings of studies on the nervous system. Researches show that people have a primitive “feel” of time from infancy. With the maturation of the cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and striatum, 9-year-old children have achieved temporal sensory accuracy similar to adults. However, children are highly variable and the accuracy of estimating longer periods of time is low. Adolescents aged 15 to 25 exhibit the best time sensitivity and highest accuracy. With aging of the nervous system, thereafter, the elderly experience a decline in the accuracy of time perception and an increase in variability. Future researches could improve tasks according to the nature of the researches and the age group of participants. At the same time, we should explore how cognitive training can help people improve their time perception ability.

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