目的：以病迹学的研究范式考察徐渭的精神行为表现,尝试作出诊断。
方法：收集整理徐渭的诗文、书信、亲友记载等传记资料,通过多方参照、情理推测等甄别出精神症状,进行精神病理分析,经过分析得出诊断意见。
结果：徐渭病史特点包括：发作时病情严重,狂乱失态,乃至自杀、杀人;至少有四次明确的发作,发作间期社会功能可恢复到几乎正常,也有“时病时止”的状态;有大量丰富的跨度二十余年的“祟兆”症状,其中有说明的全部为错视或幻视,而且内容生动;有长期饮酒史;对自身症状和发病经过有着清醒的认识,做了详细的记录;除了发病期,其余时间均保持良好的创作能力,即使在晚年狂放不羁的状态下仍佳作迭出,社会交往能力基本良好。
结论：对徐渭的精神障碍的诊断存在争议,需考虑的诊断包括双相情感障碍、人格障碍、精神分裂症等,而笔者所支持的诊断是癫痫所致精神障碍和酒精使用障碍。

Objective: To investigate the mental state of Xu Wei with the paradigm of pathography, and try to make a diagnosis.
Methods: By collecting and sorting out Xu Wei’s biographical materials such as his poems, letters, and records of friends, the authors identified mental symptoms and carried out psychopathological analysis via multi-aspect references and reasonable speculation. Diagnostic opinions were obtained through discussion.
Results: The characteristics of Xu Wei’s medical history are as follows: Xu Wei suffered from severe insanity, and he committed suicide and homicide when he was in the attack of disease. At least there were 4 explicit disease episodes. During the period of disease episodes, social functioning could return to almost normal, and there was a state of intermittent episodes. He had plenty of visual disorders, that were all illusion or hallucination, lasting for more than 20 years, and the content of which was vivid. He had a long history of alcohol use. He had a sober understanding of his symptoms and the course of the episodes, and made a detailed record of them. Apart from the period of illness, he maintained good artistic creativity and social skills. He continued to produce good work in his later years.
Conclusions: The diagnosis of Xu Wei’s mental disorder is still controversial. Bipolar disorder, personality disorder, schizophrenia, etc., are also needed to be considered. The diagnoses supported by the authors are epilepsy-induced mental disorder and alcohol-related disorders.