AI + 心理学

人工智能依赖:研究现状与展望

  • 代宝 ,
  • 郑怡晴 ,
  • 杨利英 ,
  • 曹雄飞
展开
  • 合肥工业大学管理学院,合肥 230009
代宝,管理学博士,合肥工业大学管理学院副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为信息系统用户行为。
* 代宝 daibaohfut@126.com

网络出版日期: 2025-12-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(71871083)

Research Status and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence Dependence

  • DAI Bao ,
  • ZHENG Yiqing ,
  • YANG Liying ,
  • CAO Xiongfei
Expand
  • School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
* DAI Bao, daibaohfut@126.com

Online published: 2025-12-10

摘要

伴随着人工智能技术的广泛应用,人工智能依赖现象日益凸显。鉴于此,文章从概念界定、测量工具、理论基础、影响因素及其主要后果等方面系统总结了人工智能依赖的研究现状并提出研究展望。所谓人工智能依赖一般是指某些用户对人工智能的使用远超正常限度,发展到过度依赖甚至成瘾的地步。研究表明:人工智能依赖的内涵界定尚未达成共识,测量工具也较为有限;人工智能依赖研究的理论基础主要包括依恋理论、个体-情感-认知-执行交互模型、自我效能理论等;人工智能依赖的影响因素包括用户自身因素(心理动力因素、心理过程因素、心理特征因素等)、技术环境因素(人工智能技术特征等)和社会环境因素(社会孤立等);人工智能依赖的后果包括心理性影响(个人能力降低、负面情绪增加等)和行为性影响(学业拖延、睡眠障碍等)。建议未来从深化概念界定与测量工具开发、强化理论框架的迁移应用、拓展影响因素的检验、加强依赖后果的研究和开展干预等方面进一步推进人工智能依赖的研究。

本文引用格式

代宝 , 郑怡晴 , 杨利英 , 曹雄飞 . 人工智能依赖:研究现状与展望[J]. 心理学通讯, 2025 , 8(3) : 197 -206 . DOI: 10.12100/j.issn.2096-5494.225028

Abstract

With the widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the phenomenon of AI dependence has become increasingly salient. In light of this, the present paper outlines the current research landscape and proposes future research prospects for AI dependence from the following aspects: conceptual definitions, measurement tools, theoretical foundation, influencing factors, and major consequences. AI dependence generally refers to a situation where certain users' reliance on AI goes far beyond normal usage levels, progressing to the point of excessive dependence or even addiction. Findings showed that there is still no consensus on the conceptual definition of AI dependence, and measurement tools remain relatively limited. The theoretical foundations of AI dependence research primarily include the Attachment Theory, I-PACE Model, Self-Efficacy Theory, and others. The key influencing factors of AI dependence encompass user-related factors (e.g., psychodynamic factors, psychological process factors, psychological characteristic factors), technological environment factors (e.g., AI technology characteristics), and social environment factors (e.g., social isolation). The main consequences of AI dependence include psychological impacts (e.g., diminished personal capabilities, increased negative emotions) and behavioral impacts (e.g., academic procrastination, sleep disorder). In the future, studies should further advance AI dependence research by deepening conceptual definitions and measurement tools development, enhancing the cross-disciplinary application of theoretical frameworks, broadening the examination of contributing factors, strengthening the investigation into its consequential effects, and conducting intervention research.

参考文献

[1] 丁新伟. (2025-02-28). 大学生要摆脱AI依赖症. 河南日报, p6. doi: 10.28371/n.cnki.nhnrb.2025.00110
[2] 黄顺森,来枭雄,王欢蕾,张彩,黎亚军,赵心媚.. 王耘. (2023, 10月). 儿童青少年人工智能的使用状况及其与人工智能依赖的关系. 第二十五届全国心理学学术会议, 成都, 中国. doi:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2023.057164
[3] 刘蕾, 张新亚. (2024). 人工智能依赖对创造力的影响与未来教育发展路径的省思.广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 60(1), 83-91. doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2024.01.007
[4] 王志辉. (2025-03-03). 基层干部要警惕“AI依赖症”. 陕西日报, p8. doi: 10.28762/n.cnki.nsxrb.2025.001642
[5] 许玉平. (2024). 面向AI的创意寻求行为对员工突破性创造力的影响研究(博士学位论文). 华中科技大学, 武汉.
[6] 周莎, 张尚. (2024). 生成式人工智能应用于学术研究的风险及其预防机制.黑龙江高教研究, 42(3), 1-7. doi:10.19903/j.cnki.cn23-1074/g.2024.03.005
[7] 周涛, 张春雷. (2024). 生成式AI用户沉迷的成因研究: 认知-情感-意向视角. 杭州电子科技大学学报(社会科学版), 20(1), 1-10, 40. doi:10.13954/j.cnki.hduss.2024.01.001
[8] 周子琦, 高飞, 方春晖, 赵一帆. (2025). 大学生AI依赖风险分析与对策研究——基于布鲁姆认知分类.云南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 34(3), 363-368. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8513.2025.03.015
[9] Acosta-Enriquez B. G., Ballesteros M. A., de los Angeles Guzman Valle, M., Angaspilco J. E., del Rosario Aquino Lalupú, J., Jaico J. L., .. Castillo W. E. (2025). The mediating role of academic stress, critical thinking and performance expectations in the influence of academic self-efficacy on AI dependence: Case study in college students.Comput Educ Artif Intell, 8, 100381. doi: 10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100381
[10] Cameron V., Duncan K., Henry R., Lawrence T., Gordon J., Bourne P. A., & Elliott Z. U. (2025). Generation Z and the mental health effects of excessive usage of artificial intelligence within higher education institutions across Jamaica.Glob J Innov Oppor Chall AAI Mach Learn, 9(1), 1-34.
[11] Capinding, A. T. (2024). Students’ AI dependency in 3R’s: Questionnaire construction and validation.Int J Inf Educ Technol, 14(11), 1532-1543. doi:10.18178/ijiet.2024.14.11.2184
[12] Ciudad-Fernández V., von Hammerstein C., & Billieux J. (2025). People are not becoming “AIholic”: Questioning the “ChatGPT addiction” construct.Addict Behav, 166, 108325. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108325
[13] Duong C. D., Dao T. T., Vu T. N., Ngo T. V., & Tran Q. Y. (2024). Compulsive ChatGPT usage, anxiety, burnout, and sleep disturbance: A serial mediation model based on stimulus-organism-response perspective.Acta Psychol, 251, 104622. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104622
[14] Duong C. D., Ngo T. V., Khuc T. A., Tran N. M., & Nguyen T. P. (2025). Unraveling the dark side of ChatGPT: A moderated mediation model of technology anxiety and technostress.Inform Technol Peopl, 38(4), 2015-2040. doi:10.1108/itp-11-2023-1151
[15] Estrada-Araoz E. G., Mamani-Roque M., Quispe-Aquise J., Manrique-Jaramillo Y. V., & Cruz-Laricano E. O. (2025). Academic self-efficacy and dependence on artificial intelligence in a sample of university students.Sapienza Int J Interdiscip Stud, 6(1), e25008. doi:10.51798/sijis.v6i1.916
[16] Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework.J Subst Use, 10(4), 191-197. doi:10.1080/14659890500114359
[17] Hong, J. C., & Chen, N. (2024). Effects of achievement motivation and ChatGPT self-efficacy on ChatGPT addiction and ChatGPT continuance intention. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5064583
[18] Hu B., Mao Y. Y., & Kim K. J. (2023). How social anxiety leads to problematic use of conversational AI: The roles of loneliness, rumination, and mind perception.Comput Hum Behav, 145, 107760. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107760
[19] Huang S. S., Lai X. X., Ke L., Li Y. J., Wang H. L., Zhao X. M., .. Wang Y. (2024). AI technology panic: Is AI dependence bad for mental health? A cross-lagged panel model and the mediating roles of motivations for AI use among adolescents.Psychol Res Behav Ma, 17, 1087-1102. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S440889
[20] Huang, Y. T., & Huang, H. Y. (2025). Exploring the effect of attachment on technology addiction to generative AI chatbots: A structural equation modeling analysis.Int J Hum-Comput Interact, 41(15), 9440-9449. doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2426029
[21] Klimova, B., & Pikhart, M. (2025). Exploring the effects of artificial intelligence on student and academic well-being in higher education: A mini-review.Front Psychol, 16, 1498132. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1498132
[22] Laestadius L., Bishop A., Gonzalez M., Illenčík D., & Campos-Castillo C. (2024). Too human and not human enough: A grounded theory analysis of mental health harms from emotional dependence on the social chatbot replika. New Media Soc, 26(10), 5923-5941. doi:10.1177/14614448221142007
[23] Morales-García W. C., Sairitupa-Sanchez L. Z., Morales-García S. B., & Morales-García M. (2024). Development and validation of a scale for dependence on artificial intelligence in university students.Front Educ, 9, 1323898. doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1323898
[24] Morales-García W. C., Sairitupa-Sanchez L. Z., Flores-Paredes A., Pascual-Mariño J., & Morales-García M. (2025). Influence of self-efficacy in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and anxiety toward AI use on AI dependence among Peruvian University students.Data Metadata, 4, 210. doi:10.56294/dm2025210
[25] Mukhtar M., Firdos S. S., Zaka I., & Naeem S. (2025). Impact of AI dependence on procrastination among university students.Res J Psychol, 3(1), 246-257. doi:10.59075/rjs.v3i1.62
[26] Naseer A., Ahmad N. R., & Chishti M. A. (2025). Psychological impacts of AI dependence: Assessing the cognitive and emotional costs of intelligent systems in daily life.Rev Appl Manage Soc Sci, 8(1), 291-307. doi:10.47067/ramss.v8i1.458
[27] Sajjad, M. (2024). Curse or a blessing: Excessive use of ChatGPT in academia. Bull Bus Econ, 13(2), 290-297. doi:10.61506/01.00329
[28] Salah M., Abdelfattah F., Alhalbusi H. A., & Mukhaini M. (2024). Me and my AI bot: Exploring the ‘AIholic’ phenomenon and university students’ dependency on generative AI chatbots: Is this the new academic addiction? Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3508563/v2
[29] Tamrin S. I., Omar N. F., Kamaruzaman K. N., Zaghlol A. K., & Abdul, Aziz M. R. (2024). Evaluating the impact of AI dependency on cognitive ability among generation Z in higher educational institutions: A conceptual framework.Information Management and Business Review, 16(3S(I)a), 1027-1033. doi:10.22610/imbr.v16i3s(i)a.4191
[30] Tang P. M., Koopman J., Yam K. C., De Cremer D., Zhang J. H., & Reynders P. (2023). The self-regulatory consequences of dependence on intelligent machines at work: Evidence from field and experimental studies.Hum Resour Manage-US, 62(5), 721-744. doi:10.1002/hrm.22154
[31] Xie, T., & Pentina, I. (2022, January). Attachment theory as a framework to understand relationships with social chatbots: A case study of Replika. In Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, USA. doi:10.24251/HICSS.2022.258
[32] Xie T. L., Pentina I., & Hancock T. (2023). Friend, mentor, lover: Does chatbot engagement lead to psychological dependence?.J Serv Manage, 34(4), 806-828. doi:10.1108/josm-02-2022-0072
[33] Yankouskaya A., Liebherr M., & Ali R. (2025). Can ChatGPT be addictive? A call to examine the shift from support to dependence in AI conversational large language models.Human-Centric Intelligent Systems, 5(1), 77-89. doi:10.1007/s44230-025-00090-w
[34] Yao R. Q., Qi G. J., Sheng D. F., Sun H., & Zhang J. C. (2025). Connecting self-esteem to problematic AI chatbot use: The multiple mediating roles of positive and negative psychological states.Front Psychol, 16, 1453072. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1453072
[35] Ye J. H., Zhang M. M., Nong W., Wang L., & Yang X. T. (2025). The relationship between inert thinking and ChatGPT dependence: An I-PACE model perspective.Educ Inf Technol, 30(3), 3885-3909. doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12966-8
[36] Yu S. C., Chen H. R., & Yang Y. W. (2024). Development and validation the problematic ChatGPT use scale: A preliminary report.Curr Psychol, 43(31), 26080-26092. doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06259-z
[37] Zhai C. P., Wibowo S., & Li L. D. (2024). The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students' cognitive abilities: A systematic review.Smart Learn Environ, 11(1), 28. doi:10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7
[38] Zhang, L., & Xu, J. Z. (2025). The paradox of self-efficacy and technological dependence: Unraveling generative AI’s impact on university students' task completion.Internet High Educ, 65, 100978. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2024.100978
[39] Zhang S. N., Zhao X. Y., Zhou T., & Kim J. H. (2024). Do you have AI dependency? The roles of academic self-efficacy, academic stress, and performance expectations on problematic AI usage behavior.Int J Educ Technol H, 21(1), 34. doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00467-0
[40] Zhang X., Yin M. Y., Zhang M. Y., Li Z. Q., & Li H. S. (2025). The development and validation of an artificial intelligence chatbot dependence scale.Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 28(2), 126-131. doi:10.1089/cyber.2024.0240
[41] Zhao H., Ye L., Guo M., & Deng Y. F. (2025). Reflection or dependence: How AI awareness affects employees' in-role and extra-role performance?.Behavi Sci, 15(2), 128. doi:10.3390/bs15020128
[42] Zhong W. J., Luo J. H., & Lyu Y. (2024). How do personal attributes shape AI dependency in Chinese higher education context? Insights from needs frustration perspective.PLoS One, 19(11), e0313314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313314
文章导航

/

〈 〉