目的: 探讨体育运动对农村少数民族儿童社会适应的影响,以及心理资本在这一关系中的调节作用。
方法: 采用农村儿童心理资本问卷、农村儿童社会适应问卷和身体锻炼等级量表,通过方便抽样调查了184名来自甘肃农村地区的少数民族儿童。
结果: 体育运动正向预测社会适应,并且心理资本的调节作用显著。对于心理资本水平较高的儿童,他们的社会适应不会随着体育运动的增加而产生显著变化;对于心理资本较低的儿童,他们的社会适应会随着体育运动的增加而显著提升。
结论: 积极的体育锻炼可以促进农村少数民族儿童的社会适应;此外,家庭、学校乃至社会应该积极引导心理资本相对匮乏的儿童进行体育运动,从而提升他们的社会适应水平。
Objective: To explore the effects of physical exercise on social adaptation among rural minority children and the moderating role of psychological capital in this correlation.
Methods: A total of 184 ethnic minority children from rural areas in Gansu province recruited via convenience sampling finished the Rural Children's Psychological Capital Inventory, the Rural Children's Social Adjustment Inventory, and the Physical Exercise Inventory.
Results: Physical exercise positively predicted social adaptation, and the moderating effect of psychological capital was significant. For children with a higher level of psychological capital, their social adaptation did not change significantly with the increase level of sport. For children with a lower level of psychological capital, their social adaptation increased significantly with the increase level of sport.
Conclusion: Proactive physical exercise could promote social adaptation of ethnic minority children from rural areas; in addition, families, schools, and even the society should actively guide children with a lower level of psychological capital to engage in physical activity, thus enhancing their social adaptation level.
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