近年来,非自杀性自伤（Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, NSSI）已在全球范围内引发了广泛的关注。2013年,作为一种精神疾病的临床诊断,非自杀性自伤障碍被收录在《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第五版）》中。然而,回顾中西方历史发现,在不同文化和时代背景下,受到宗教、审美观念、社会风尚等多种因素的影响,自伤行为曾经大范围发生且被社会大众所熟悉甚至接受。人们对自伤行为的认识经历了一个逐渐病理化的过程,直到二十世纪初,临床医学才开始关注非自杀性自伤。如今,随着对非自杀性自伤行为研究的不断深入,针对该行为已经形成了独立的诊断标准和干预方法。本文回顾了历史上的自伤行为现象,总结了学界对非自杀性自伤行为的认识过程,讨论了其诊断的局限性,旨在为更好地理解、诊断与干预该行为提供新的思考。
In recent years, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has garnered widespread attention globally. In 2013, non-suicidal self-injury disorder (NSSI-D) was included as a clinical diagnosis of mental disorder in the fifth edition of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). A retrospective examination of both Eastern and Western histories reveals that self-injury, influenced by various factors such as religion, aesthetic ideals, and social trends, was once accepted by the general public in different cultural and historical contexts. Clinical medicine only began to focus on NSSI behaviors at the beginning of the last century. Today, with ongoing research into this behavior, more scientific diagnostic criteria and intervention methods for NSSI have been established. Based on this review of the history of NSSI behaviors, this paper summarizes the current state of clinical practice regarding NSSI both domestically and internationally, aiming to provide new insights for the future refinement of NSSI prevention and intervention practices.
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