Objective: The Growth The Mindset Scale (GMS) was translated into Chinese, and its reliability and validity were examined among college students.
Methods: Between April and May 2025, a convenience sample of 810 college students was recruited from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shandong Province, and Guangdong Province. Participants completed the preliminary Chinese version of the Growth Mindset Scale (GMS), the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted to finalize the items of the Chinese version of the Growth Mindset Scale. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analyses were performed to examine the reliability and validity of the scale.
Results: The final Chinese version of the Growth Mindset Scale consists of 6 items. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the single-factor model fit the data well (χ2/df=2.413, CFI=0.981, TLI=0.969, RMSEA=0.061, SRMR=0.026), suggesting good structural validity of the Chinese version. The scale scores were significantly and positively correlated with the total scores and subscale scores of the GQ-6 and the MSPSS (r=0.329-0.493, p<0.001), demonstrating satisfactory criterion-related validity. The average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.442, and the composite reliability (CR) was 0.826, indicating that the convergent validity was generally acceptable. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.823, the split-half reliability was 0.821, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) over a 3-week interval was 0.708 (p<0.001), indicating good internal consistency and acceptable temporal stability. Measurement invariance across gender and academic majors was supported, suggesting that college students from different genders and majors interpreted the items of the Chinese version consistently.
Conclusion: The Chinese version of the Growth Mindset Scale has good reliability and validity and can be used as an effective tool for measuring growth mindset in college students.
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