Underachievement in college is the main reason why college students struggle to complete their studies, significantly impacting their mental health. Researchers and practitioners have started to apply group counseling to this group since the 21st century. Through a review of domestic and international research on group interventions among college underachievers, it has been found that a mature problem-solving model has been developed at the theoretical level for such groups. The clinical interventions primarily adopt a cognitive-behavioral approach and intervene through specific factors such as learning motivation, self-efficacy, academic emotions, and study skills. The intervention has shown significant improvements in academic performance, motivation, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being among the intervened groups. However, the overall quality and quantity of efficacy studies still need improvement. In constructing intervention systems in education and healthcare, a group perspective should be incorporated, combining academic improvement with psychological-social interventions. Furthermore, it is necessary to address the limitations of unclear group definitions and the lack of close integration between clinical interventions and theoretical frameworks.
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