目的： 追踪观察新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间及疫情结束后大学生的心理健康变化,了解疫情对大学生心理健康的影响及演变。
方法： 2021年4月—2024年4月采用症状自评量表（Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90）和心理韧性量表,对2 468名大学生进行连续4年的追踪调查。
结果： 大学生SCL-90量表总分及9个因子均分在2024年最低,且差异具有统计学意义（p<0.01）;除躯体化、抑郁、偏执外,其余因子均分均呈逐年递减趋势（p<0.01）。大学生心理韧性总分及5个因子分在2021—2024年间差异也具有统计学意义（p<0.01）,除积极认知外,其他4个因子2024年分值最高,且与2023年相比存在差异（p<0.01）。
结论： 新型冠状病毒感染疫情给大学生的心理健康带来了负面影响,且有一定的持续性。到2024年,大学生心理健康及心理韧性水平逐渐提高,但积极认知方面目前仍未恢复。在今后的大学生心理健康教育工作中,需要更注重培养学生的情绪调节能力和积极认知,提高其心理韧性。
Objective: To observe changes on mental health of college students during and after the COVID-19 epidemic, to understand the impact of the epidemic on their mental health, and to make mental health education more targeted and effective.
Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted on 2468 college students over a four-year period (April 2021-April 2024) using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Psychological Resilience Scale.
Results: The mean scores of SCL-90 and the nine factors from 2021 to 2023 were higher than in 2024, with significant differences (p<0.01). Except for somatization, depression, and paranoia, the mean scores for the other factors showed a significant decreasing trend year by year (p<0.01). There were significant differences in the total score of psychological resilience and the scores of its five sub-factors from 2021 to 2024 (p<0.01). Except for positive cognition, the scores for the other four factors were highest in 2024, with significant differences compared to 2023 (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The epidemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of college students, with some lasting effects. By 2024, the mental health and psychological resilience of students have gradually improved, but positive cognition has not yet recovered. Future mental health education should focus on improving psychological resilience, developing students’ emotional regulation skills, and fostering positive cognition.
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