AI+心理学

人工智能在心理咨询与治疗服务中的机遇与挑战

  • 李闻天
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  • 同济大学附属东方医院临床心理科,上海 200120
李闻天,上海市东方医院临床心理科副主任医师。中国心理学会注册心理督导师,中国心理卫生协会心理咨询与心理治疗专委会委员及婚姻家庭专委会委员。

网络出版日期: 2025-09-03

Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Psychological Counseling and Therapy Services

  • LI Wentian
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  • Department of Clinical Psychology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China

Online published: 2025-09-03

摘要

随着全球精神障碍问题日益严峻,心理健康服务的资源不足成为亟待解决的难题。人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)技术的飞速发展,尤其是生成式预训练语言模型(如ChatGPT、DeepSeek)的应用,为心理咨询与治疗领域带来了巨大的变革潜力。本文聚焦于人工智能在心理咨询与治疗领域的核心应用场景,通过分析AI在拓展心理服务资源、推动服务整合与个性化、提升心理服务的效率与可及性等方面的优势,阐述了其在心理服务领域的深远影响。然而,AI的情感支持和对人类复杂心理活动的理解仍存在局限,无法替代人类心理咨询师/治疗师在建立治疗联盟和提供情感关怀中的核心角色。AI的应用面临着伦理问题、技术局限性以及专业角色重新定位等多重挑战。文章提出了具体的应对策略,强调AI应定位为心理健康服务的辅助工具,通过人机协作实现服务效率和质量的共同提升。

本文引用格式

李闻天 . 人工智能在心理咨询与治疗服务中的机遇与挑战[J]. 心理学通讯, 2025 , 8(2) : 93 -98 . DOI: 10.12100/j.issn.2096-5494.225014

Abstract

With the growing severity of global mental health disorders, the shortage of psychological health services has become an urgent challenge. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly generative pre-trained language models such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek, presents significant transformative potential in psychological counseling and therapy. This article focuses on the core application scenarios of AI in psychological counseling and therapy, analyzing AI’s advantages in expanding access to psychological services, promoting service personalization and integration, and improving service efficiency and accessibility, thereby elucidating its profound impact on mental health services. However, AI still has fundamental limitations in providing emotional support and understanding complex human psychological activities. It cannot replace the core role of human psychological counselors/therapists in establishing therapeutic alliances and providing emotional care. The application of AI faces multiple challenges including ethical issues, technical limitations, and professional role redefinition. This article proposes specific coping strategies, emphasizing that AI should be positioned as an auxiliary tool for mental health services and achieving improvements in both service efficiency and quality through human-machine collaboration.

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