多元文化取向及其对咨询关系的影响

李娜娜; 谭金凤; 王煜

doi:10.12100/j.issn.2096-5494.226019

心理学通讯 >

2026 , Vol. 9 >Issue 2: 123 - 131

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12100/j.issn.2096-5494.226019

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多元文化取向及其对咨询关系的影响

李娜娜 ,
谭金凤 ,
王煜

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中国地质大学(武汉)心理科学与健康研究中心,武汉 430074

李娜娜,中国地质大学（武汉）2023级心理学专业硕士研究生。研究方向为心理健康教育与心理咨询。

^*王煜wangyu2024@cug.edu.cn

网络出版日期: 2026-10-23

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Multicultural Orientation and Its Impact on the Counseling Relationship

LI Nana ,
TAN Jinfeng ,
WANG Yu

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Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

^*WANG Yu, wangyu2024@cug.edu.cn

Online published: 2026-10-23

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摘要

随着社会文化多样性的日益凸显,文化因素对咨询关系的作用受到广泛关注。多元文化取向（multicultural orientation,MCO）整合了文化谦逊、文化舒适与文化机会三个维度,为理解咨询师如何在互动中回应文化议题提供了系统视角。本文采用叙述性综述方法,梳理MCO的理论框架、核心构念及其对咨询关系的影响。其中,文化谦逊是MCO的核心基础,是指咨询师从关系导向和他人导向的角度理解个体的文化身份;文化舒适强调咨询师在讨论来访者文化身份时所展现出的轻松、开放与非防御姿态;文化机会体现为咨询师对来访者文化线索的敏锐识别与适时回应。三者协同作用,有助于咨询关系建立、预防关系破裂与修复关系。文章进一步结合人本主义疗法、社会关系纽带假说与社会润滑假说解释其作用机制,并结合中国文化情境提出了本土化理论建构、测量工具开发等研究方向,旨在为跨文化心理咨询研究与实践提供参考。

关键词： 多元文化取向; 文化谦逊; 文化舒适; 文化机会; 咨询关系

本文引用格式

李娜娜 , 谭金凤 , 王煜 . 多元文化取向及其对咨询关系的影响[J]. 心理学通讯, 2026 , 9(2) : 123 -131 . DOI: 10.12100/j.issn.2096-5494.226019

Abstract

As sociocultural diversity becomes increasingly salient, growing attention has been paid to the role of cultural factors in the counseling relationship. Multicultural orientation (MCO), which encompasses cultural humility, cultural comfort, and cultural opportunities, provides a systematic framework for understanding how counselors respond to cultural issues in therapeutic interactions. Using a narrative review approach, this article synthesizes the theoretical framework, core constructs, and influence of MCO on the counseling relationship. Cultural humility, the core foundation of MCO, refers to counselors' relationship-oriented and other-oriented approach to understanding clients' cultural identities. Cultural comfort reflects the ease, openness, and non-defensiveness counselors demonstrate when discussing clients' cultural identities, whereas cultural opportunities refer to counselors' sensitive recognition of and timely responses to culturally relevant cues. Together, these three dimensions facilitate the development of the counseling relationship and contribute to the prevention and repair of relational ruptures. Drawing on humanistic therapy, the social bonds hypothesis, and the social buffering hypothesis, this article further explains the mechanisms through which MCO influences the counseling relationship. It also considers the Chinese cultural context and proposes directions for future research, including the development of indigenous theoretical frameworks and measurement instruments, with the aim of informing research and practice in cross-cultural counseling.

Key words： multicultural orientation (MCO); cultural humility; cultural comfort; cultural opportunity; counseling relationship

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